The Islamic world or Muslim world broadly refers to the global community of Muslims, known as the Ummah, encompassing both individuals adhering to Islam's beliefs and societies where the religion is widespread. Its rich history spans over 1,400 years, marked by significant socio-political developments and a flourishing "Islamic Golden Age" that saw advancements in arts, science, and philosophy, guided by the Quran and the teachings of Prophet Muhammad.

As of 2020, Muslims comprise over 1.8 billion people, representing more than 25% of the world's population, primarily concentrated in the Middle East–North Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. While the majority are Sunni (87–90%) or Shia (10–13%), large populations reside in countries like Indonesia (the largest Muslim-majority nation) and India (the largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries).

Economically, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), comprising 57 member states, had a combined GDP (PPP) of approximately US$24 trillion in 2020, accounting for about 18% of the world's GDP. Islam is also notable as the fastest-growing major religion globally, primarily due to higher birth rates among its adherents.