Tallinn boasts a diverse public transport system, unique in Estonia for its trams and trolleybuses, alongside buses, trains, and a ferry service to Aegna Island. Operated largely by Tallinna Linnatranspordi (TLT), the system traces its roots to horse-drawn trams in 1888, which became electric in 1920 and were immensely popular, carrying over 143 million passengers in 1939. Regular bus services commenced in 1921, now expanding to 80 routes, while trolleybuses, introduced in 1965 during Soviet occupation, have seen their network shrink from a 1988 peak.

With passenger trains dating back to the 1870s, the city is committed to modernizing its fleet, replacing diesel buses with compressed gas-powered and battery-electric models since 2024. Tallinn's blend of historic networks and ongoing upgrades, including planned light rail, positions it as a leader in Estonian urban mobility.