Movement for Socialism (MAS-IPSP)

The Movement for Socialism – Political Instrument for the Sovereignty of the Peoples (MAS-IPSP) is a socialist political party in Bolivia that has ruled the country intermittently since 2006. Originally founded to represent the interests of coca growers, MAS-IPSP has evolved into a populist and anti-imperialist force under the leadership of Evo Morales.

Foundation and Ideology

MAS-IPSP arose from a movement of coca growers and indigenous peoples seeking to resist neoliberal policies and assert their rights. Inspired by indigenista and Marxist ideologies, the party advocates for plurinational unity, nationalization of key industries, and a redistribution of wealth.

Rise to Power

In the 2005 elections, Evo Morales became Bolivia's first indigenous president, leading MAS-IPSP to a landslide victory. The party has maintained power in subsequent elections, consolidating its dominance in municipal politics and the legislature.

Internal Divisions

During Arce's government, MAS-IPSP experienced internal conflict between the "Arcistas" (Renovator Bloc) and the "Evistas" (loyalists of Morales). In 2023, Arce and Vice President David Choquehuanca were expelled from the party by a decision chaired by Morales, but the Arcista faction has not recognized the expulsion.

Key Policies and Accomplishments

Under Morales, MAS-IPSP implemented a number of policies aimed at improving the lives of the poor and marginalized, including increased government spending on social programs, nationalization of hydrocarbon industries, and a focus on economic sovereignty.

Criticism and Controversies

MAS-IPSP has been criticized for its authoritarian tendencies, corruption, and human rights violations. The party has also faced allegations of electoral fraud and a close relationship with Venezuela.

Current Status

As of 2024, MAS-IPSP remains the dominant political force in Bolivia, but it faces internal divisions and a growing opposition movement. The party's future is uncertain, but it is likely to continue to play a major role in Bolivian politics.