Secondary Education: Secondary Schools, High Schools, and Beyond
Secondary education, also known as high school, spans levels 2 and 3 of the ISCED scale. It typically follows primary school and prepares students for further education or employment.
Organization and Terminology
Secondary schools vary in organization and terminology across countries. In some, they are divided into lower (ages 11-14) and upper secondary (ages 14-18) levels. Other countries may refer to junior high, middle school, or secondary school.
Educational Framework
Secondary education emphasizes subject-oriented curricula, increased student choice, and preparation for tertiary education or the workforce. It typically includes courses in core subjects such as mathematics, science, and language.
Size and Structure
The optimal size for a secondary school is debated. Some argue that smaller schools foster a sense of community and higher achievement, while others contend that larger schools provide more resources and opportunities. Organizational structures vary, with some schools adopting a more hierarchical approach and others implementing decentralized models.
Building Design Specifications
Secondary school buildings must meet specific requirements to accommodate students, teachers, and various school activities. Adequate classrooms, specialized spaces, and technology infrastructure are essential. Government guidelines and standards ensure compliance with building codes and functional needs.
By Country
Secondary school systems vary significantly across countries. Names, grade levels, and educational models differ based on cultural and historical contexts. Some countries, such as the United States, have separate middle/junior high schools and high schools, while others combine both levels into a single institution.