Physical Geography: The Study of the Natural Environment

Physical geography explores the processes and patterns that shape the natural environment, including the atmosphere, water resources, biosphere, and landforms. It focuses on understanding how these natural systems interact and evolve. Unlike human geography, which examines the built environment, physical geography aims to analyze and predict natural phenomena.

Sub-Fields of Physical Geography

Physical geography has several sub-fields:

  • Geomorphology: Studies the Earth's surface and the processes that shape it, such as erosion, deposition, and tectonic activity.
  • Hydrology: Focuses on water distribution and quality, including rivers, lakes, and groundwater.
  • Glaciology: Explores glaciers and ice sheets, their behavior, and their role in the environment.
  • Biogeography: Examines the distribution of plant and animal species and their interactions with the environment.
  • Climatology: Studies climate patterns, including temperature, precipitation, and wind, and their impact on the environment.
  • Soil Geography: Investigates the spatial distribution of soils and their interactions with topography, climate, and vegetation.
  • Palaeogeography: Uses historical data to reconstruct past environments and continental positions.
  • Coastal Geography: Explores the dynamic interface between land and ocean, focusing on coastal processes and the impact of human activities.
  • Oceanography: Studies the world's oceans, including their physical, biological, and chemical properties.