Automated Decision-Making (ADM)
ADM involves using data and algorithms to make decisions in various contexts, including public administration, healthcare, employment, and entertainment. It leverages extensive data from sources like databases, social media, and sensors, processed using technologies such as machine learning and artificial intelligence. ADMs offer benefits and challenges, raising technical, ethical, societal, and economic considerations.
Key Concepts
ADM encompasses a range of technologies, including search, matching, mathematical calculations, predictive analytics, and data processing tools. Machine learning, which trains algorithms on vast datasets, has significantly enhanced ADM capabilities. These technologies empower systems with the ability to analyze complex data, interpret patterns, and make predictions or automate decisions.
Applications
ADM finds widespread application across sectors. It enhances consistency, efficiency, and cost reduction in business and government. In healthcare, AI-powered image models assist in disease detection. Social welfare systems use ADM for risk assessment and provision of targeted services. In transport, self-driving vehicles rely on automated decision-making systems for navigation and control.
Ethical and Legal Implications
ADM raises concerns about transparency, accountability, and bias. "Black box" systems limit the ability to understand decision-making processes. Data and algorithmic bias can perpetuate inequalities, while automated surveillance practices raise privacy and civil liberties issues. Legislative efforts aim to address these concerns, such as the EU's General Data Protection Regulation, which enshrines the right of individuals not to be subject to solely automated decisions.
Research Fields
Multidisciplinary research focuses on the development, application, and implications of ADM. Fields like computer science, law, and media studies explore the technological, legal, and societal dimensions of automation. Key research centers, such as Algorithm Watch and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Automated Decision-Making and Society, investigate these issues and contribute to policy-making and public discourse.